Historical & world alphabets
Devanagari Script
A practical chart of Devanagari vowels, consonants, vowel signs, and digits used in Hindi, Sanskrit, and other languages.
Not a direct A–Z cipher: Devanagari is an abugida. A consonant normally carries an inherent “a” vowel; attached vowel marks change it, and the virama ् removes it.
Independent vowels and attached signs
अaVowel sign: no vowel sign
आāVowel sign: ा
इiVowel sign: ि
ईīVowel sign: ी
उuVowel sign: ु
ऊūVowel sign: ू
ऋṛVowel sign: ृ
ॠṝVowel sign: ॄ
ऌḷVowel sign: ॢ
ॡḹVowel sign: ॣ
एeVowel sign: े
ऐaiVowel sign: ै
ओoVowel sign: ो
औauVowel sign: ौ
Core consonants
कka
खkha
गga
घgha
ङṅa
चca
छcha
जja
झjha
ञña
टṭa
ठṭha
डḍa
ढḍha
णṇa
तta
थtha
दda
धdha
नna
पpa
फpha
बba
भbha
मma
यya
रra
लla
वva
शśa
षṣa
सsa
हha
Digits 0–9
०0Devanagari numeral
१1Devanagari numeral
२2Devanagari numeral
३3Devanagari numeral
४4Devanagari numeral
५5Devanagari numeral
६6Devanagari numeral
७7Devanagari numeral
८8Devanagari numeral
९9Devanagari numeral
Other frequently seen marks
ंṃAnusvara: nasal mark
ँm̐Chandrabindu: nasalization
ःḥVisarga
्ViramaSuppresses inherent vowel
।DandaSentence punctuation
॥Double dandaVerse ending
Examples: क = ka; कि = ki; कु = ku; क् = k (without its inherent vowel). Transliteration depends on language; these are approximate scholarly values.